References · Walking in the catalogue · Markdown · JSON

References · Mechanical design

Walking

67 records: 0 read sources that cad-agent's rules and checks may cite, and 67 records catalogued from the Reference Map, not yet read. Legged mechanisms, from linkage legs to gaits.

Catalogued records are search snippets: their numbers are the authors' claims and their licences are as the map states them, unread. Cite one only after reading the source and promoting it (how).

Evidence how far each has been checked, lowest rung first
snippet only: 67snippet only67read: 0read0verified at source: 0verified at source0encoded: 0encoded0measured: 0measured0
Confidence #143, derived from the evidence
high: 0high0medium: 0medium0low: 67low67unknown: 0unknown0
Kind
Open project: 65Open project65Paper or thesis: 2Paper or thesis2
Licence class as stated; most not yet read
open: 35open35licence unclear: 21licence unclear21share-alike: 11share-alike11
Process
3D printing: 513D printing51PCB and electronics: 13PCB and electronics13CNC machining: 7CNC machining7Sheet metal and laser: 6Sheet metal and laser6Inserts and fasteners: 3Inserts and fasteners3Motor winding: 2Motor winding2

Records

67 records

RecordKindEvidenceConfidenceLicenceProcessRole
2025-cycloidal-drive-antibacklashgeez0x1

CAD files and testing/analysis code for our 2025 paper "Anti-Backlash Mechanisms for Cycloidal Drive Robotic Actuators: Design and Evaluation", by

Cycloidal gearbox paper repo, not a wheel-leg model; README gives no numbers itself.

geez0x1-2025-cycloidal-drive-antibacklash

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4CC-BY-SA-4.0not read3D printingSheet metal and laserContext
3D-Printed-Robot-Dogaaedmusa

This is a 12 DOF 3D printed quadrupedal robot that I designed. It uses 12 servo motors, a Polulu maestro

README is missing, so nothing beyond the repository note is verified.

aaedmusa-3d-printed-robot-dog

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openCC0-1.0not read3D printingContext
3DPBLBRr976

Open-source 3D-printable bipedal balancing robot

Prototype only; one YouTube video, no numbers.

r976-3dpblbr

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingLessons
Argoandretosi

This project is an open-source version of a robot dog, complete with an advanced training environment and custom controller logic.

README describes simulation tooling and a team plan; no built robot is shown, and hardware is pending funding.

andretosi-argo

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot readnone statedContext
asimov-1menloresearch

v1 of Asimov, an open-source humanoid robot

Locomotion policy still marked as upcoming; specs are claimed, not measured.

menloresearch-asimov-1

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4CERN-OHL-S-2.0not readPCB and electronicsReference
asimov-v0menloresearch

v0 of Asimov, an open-source humanoid robot

Torque numbers are table values with no test method; legs only, superseded by v1.

menloresearch-asimov-v0

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4CERN-OHL-S-2.0not read3D printingReference
AUTinyDaneJensLajordMunk

AUTinyDane is an open-source, 3D-printed quadruped robotic dog running entirely on a Raspberry Pi. It features a pure Python software

Walking shown only by video link; no speed, payload or stability numbers.

jenslajordmunk-autinydane

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingSheet metal and laserLessons
BCN3D-MoveoBCN3D

Open Source 3D Printed Robotic Arm for educational purposes

Arm for education; README gives no payload or accuracy numbers.

bcn3d-bcn3d-moveo

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingReference
Berkeley Humanoid LiteHybridRobotics

Printed cycloidal actuators, under $5,000. Assets in a separate CC-BY-SA repo.

README is a pointer page; hardware detail, BOM and build steps live in external docs.

hybridrobotics-berkeley-humanoid-lite

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingSheet metal and laserLeader
Berkeley Humanoid Lite (RSS 2025)arxiv.org

Printed cycloidal actuators; limitations stated.

berkeley-humanoid-lite-rss-2025

Paper or thesissnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statednot assessed
berkeley-humanoid-lite-armberkeley-humanoids

Lite v1.5: A 3D printed bimanual arm robot platform.

Under active development with API-breaking changes; head and actuator selection not yet open; no performance data.

berkeley-humanoids-berkeley-humanoid-lite-arm

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingCNC machiningReference
berkeley_humanoid_descriptionHybridRobotics

Description files for the Berkeley Humanoid

ROS1 launch only, a humanoid without wheels, no licence file match and no arm.

hybridrobotics-berkeley-humanoid-description

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statedContext
Bimomekion

Fully printable biped with a Python API.

Sold as a kit; CAD is marked coming soon and DIY manual is not published yet.

mekion-the-bimo-project

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openApache-2.0not read3D printingCNC machiningPCB and electronicsReference
bipedal_self_balancekairobyte

Bipedal self-balancing robot, 2DOF per leg, built from scratch

Balances only for a few seconds; servo legs and stepper wheels.

kairobyte-bipedal-self-balance

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsLessons
Blegpsrobotics

Open-source, low cost quadruped leg design with BLDC actuator.

README has no specs or test data; ODrive v3.6 hardware is discontinued.

psrobotics-bleg

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingReference
botzoIERoboticsAILab

Build BOTZO your open-source robot dog

Under construction; README shows a design image and no hardware evidence.

ieroboticsailab-botzo

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openApache-2.0not readnone statedContext
Byte-el-perrobotHecze

Open-source robot dog with 3D-printed parts, customizable hardware, and adaptable software for various applications.

Educational-kit README with photos but no tests, assembly steps or numbers.

hecze-byte-el-perrobot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingContext
ChinaMicroDuckShiyao-Huang

Microduck (Pollen Robotics × Hugging Face) 国产复刻资料库:四方案可行性/实价询价/官方资产审计/仿真训练验证/打板规格 — China replication project for the open-source biped robot duck

README is a pointer; its model licence is CC BY-SA-NC, no commercial use.

shiyao-huang-chinamicroduck

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statedContext
dagor_biped_hardwareelggem

Remix of the ODRI Bolt biped.

Authors note HTD belt may have worse backlash; 2021 remix with no measured performance data.

elggem-dagor-biped-hardware

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openBSD-3-Clausenot read3D printingCNC machiningInserts and fastenersPCB and electronicsMotor windingLessons
ElectroPupreubenstr

DIY 3D printed quadruped robot.

Actuators are 2.5 N.m rated class; no measured torque or gait data.

reubenstr-electropup

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsLeader
FLORESZhichengSong6

Reconfigured wheel-legged quadrupedal robot for steering

Little build detail; no licence; hardware list is an image only.

zhichengsong6-flores

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingCNC machiningReference
Hexapodmike-tr

Custom hexapod robot built from scratch — CAD design, 3D printed, 18 servos, Raspberry Pi 5, ROS2 integration in progress

No README, so only the one-line note supports any claim.

mike-tr-hexapod

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingContext
hexapodrookidroid

A 3D Printed Hexapod Robot

Hexapod servo walker; no speed, payload or reliability numbers in README.

rookidroid-hexapod

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4GPL-3.0not read3D printingLessons
hexapod_spiderbot_modelrobs-tech-workbench

This repository contains STL files, 3D printing instructions, and build documentation for ArachnoBot, a 3D-printed spider robot. Here you'll find

Derived from another hexapod design; no performance evidence or BOM prices in README.

robs-tech-workbench-hexapod-spiderbot-model

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingContext
KameRobotAWROBOT

KAME Robot - WIFI Controlling 3D Printed 8DOF Quadruped Robot

README is near-empty; claims walking and dancing with no evidence.

awrobot-kamerobot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingContext
LilBroBroboticsInc31

Lil'Bro is a 3D printed, open source quadrupedal robot that allows researchers to duplicate,modify, and create new methods for the

2019 repository; README has no specs, BOM or performance data.

broboticsinc31-lilbro

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingLessons
LOTPRobotdog2SMDHuman

Opensource Modular Robot dog project.

README is two lines and a video link; project is archived.

smdhuman-lotprobotdog2

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statedContext
MEVITAharaduka

Biped from sheet metal and e-commerce parts, an alternative to printing.

Hardware files sit in a Google Drive link; README has no performance numbers or BOM.

haraduka-mevita

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingSheet metal and laserReference
Mini Puppermangdangroboticsclub

Small servo quadruped kit.

Product marketing page; proprietary servos, and performance claims come with no test method.

mangdangroboticsclub-mini-pupper

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openApache-2.0not readPCB and electronicsContext
modular-bipedmakerforgetech

An open source framework for creating a bipedal modular companion robot.

Companion-robot focus; README has no gait, balance or performance data.

makerforgetech-modular-biped

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4GPL-3.0not read3D printingContext
MOS-9-Open-Source-Humanoid-RobotTHMOS2025

MOS9 open-source humanoid robot hub for RoboCup Kid-Size, connecting hardware, deployment, IPC, policy learning, retargeting, drivers, and simulation.

Hub only; real content is in sub-repositories not read here.

thmos2025-mos-9-open-source-humanoid-robot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot readnone statedLessons
Open Quadrupedadham-elarabawy

12-DOF printed servo quadruped.

Hobby servos only; sim-to-real calibration and tests are unchecked on the to-do list.

adham-elarabawy-open-quadruped

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsLessons
Open_Duck_Miniapirrone

Mini open-source bipedal robot, Disney-style duck, printed parts

Alpha with no assembly guide; v2 promised and author advises waiting.

apirrone-open-duck-mini

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openApache-2.0not read3D printingLessons
OpenARMOpenArmRobot

OpenARM is an open-source remake version 7DOF humanoid arm hardware designed for physical AI research and deployment in many environments.

README is a menu of variants; no photos, specs or test results.

openarmrobot-openarm

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4CERN-OHL-S-2.0not read3D printingCNC machiningPCB and electronicsLessons
opensource-spinal-quadrupedfedecomi04

9.5 kg quadruped with a 3-DoF active spine. Thesis project.

Single thesis build; walks only 4 cm/s with open-loop trot and motors must be sourced.

fedecomi04-opensource-spinal-quadruped

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingSheet metal and laserReference
pegasust33devv

Pegasus is an affordable, fully 3D-printable, 100% open source quadruped robot dog. Powered by the Pimoroni Servo2040, 12 MG996Rs and

No walking evidence or performance numbers in the README; cost only in a linked parts CSV.

t33devv-pegasus

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingLessons
PLEN2plenprojectcompany

The world's first printable open-source humanoid, starter kit.

Small servo humanoid; README states no specs or performance, and licence is missing.

plenprojectcompany-plen2

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsContext
poppy-ergo-jrpoppy-project

🤖 Poppy Ergo Jr is an open-source robotic arm based on modular 3D printed conception and low-cost XL-320 motors.

Low-cost hobby servos; no torque or accuracy figures and repo untouched since 2022.

poppy-project-poppy-ergo-jr

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingLessons
poppy-humanoidpoppy-project

Poppy Humanoid is an open-source and 3D printed humanoid robot. Optimized for research and education purposes, its modularity allows for

Old design (last push 2021) on expensive Dynamixels.

poppy-project-poppy-humanoid

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingReference
primoponnala6435

Build an open-source 3D-printed humanoid robot with 30 DoF, Jetson AGX Thor, and Isaac Lab simulation.

README is a promotional download page pointing to an external site, with unrelated topics; treat as suspect.

ponnala6435-primo

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingContext
Primo humanoidAlessioPagliai

30 RobStride actuators (RS00 to RS06). STL, a 30-joint URDF, BOM and an Onshape link. Still in design, not built. Motor-selection notes in docs.

Nothing built yet; walking policy exists only in sim, and STL files are not print-validated.

alessiopagliai-primo

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openCC0-1.0not read3D printingReference
PrintPupperr9kawai

PrintPupper is open source DIY quadruped robot, composition are 3D printed and common cheaper parts only.

40-minute walk time has no stated method; cost is only called inexpensive.

r9kawai-printpupper

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsLessons
Pupper v3 monorepoNate711

Current Stanford Pupper line.

README is software-only; hardware and build guide are on a separate docs site not provided.

nate711-pupperv3-monorepo

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4GPL-3.0not readnone statedReference
Q8bot: five-bar miniature quadrupedarxiv.org

Five-bar leg tip geometry lessons.

q8bot-five-bar-miniature-quadruped

Paper or thesissnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statednot assessed
quadrupedal-robotMKme

SpotMicro quadrupedal 3D printed robot project

Builder log with no measurements; BOM table has empty rows; affiliate links.

mkme-quadrupedal-robot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingContext
robo-dogsamueladamus

Open-source robotic dog project which anyone can print and assemble. It has its own GUI through which it can programmed

Parts list only; no photos, test results or assembly guide in the README.

samueladamus-robo-dog

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingContext
ROBOCON-BRS_robotLain-Ego0

The parallel quadruped robot dog with a miniature-like structure, which uses joint motors from Unitree Technology, will have its control

No licence; README says control and vision software open later.

lain-ego0-robocon-brs-robot

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statedLessons
robot-actuatorspunkfab

Simulate-first robot actuator R&D: parametric miniature cycloidal drive (build123d) wired end-to-end into a MuJoCo testbench. v1 = 10:1 for a

Author says most designs are unbuilt; models are simulation-first and mostly unvalidated on hardware.

punkfab-robot-actuators

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsMotor windingReference
Rocky-Quadropod-With-AIuzzwarr

Rocky is an open-source, 3D-printed quadruped robotics platform designed to bridge the gap between mechanical engineering and advanced Artificial Intelligence.

Single-day repo with no photos or test evidence; README only demonstrates locomotion and says so.

uzzwarr-rocky-quadropod-with-ai

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingContext
RuFengRobotwei1224hf

Cheap robot using MIT-mini Cheetah's actuator. As the actuator is being massive production in China , it is possible to

README is two lines; no evidence of a built robot.

wei1224hf-rufengrobot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot readnone statedContext
sim2real-3d-printed-quadrupedshaheenbharwani

Complete sim-to-real AI quadruped robot: Isaac Lab training → ROS2 → physical hardware

Success claims such as stable operation have no video or data in the README; seems LLM-written.

shaheenbharwani-sim2real-3d-printed-quadruped

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingLessons
SO-ARM100-101-102-Parallel-Gripperroboninecom

Open-source 3D-printed parallel gripper for SO-ARM100, SO-100, SO-ARM101, SO-101, SO-ARM-102 robot arms. Feetech STS3215, 84 mm stroke, camera mounts, STL

Gripper only; force and speed figures have no stated test method.

roboninecom-so-arm100-101-102-parallel-gripper

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openCC-BY-4.0not read3D printingInserts and fastenersLessons
solo12_mujocorkourdis

Actuator-faithful Solo12 model.

Quadruped; no validation against hardware stated.

rkourdis-solo12-mujoco

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingReference
SpotMicro (mike4192)mike4192

Servo quadruped software baseline.

Dated ROS Kinetic and Ubuntu 16.04 only; hobby servo scale; no performance numbers.

mike4192-spotmicro

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingLessons
SpotMicroESP32michaelkubina

Support-free-print redesign of SpotMicro.

Work in progress with no firmware or walking gait of its own; hobby servo scale.

michaelkubina-spotmicroesp32

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4GPL-3.0not read3D printingPCB and electronicsContext
Stanford DoggoNate711

Quasi-direct-drive quadruped with five-bar-style legs. Fusion 360 model is an external download. Superseded by Pupper v3.

End-of-life since 2024; CAD is an external Fusion download and the BOM is a work in progress.

nate711-stanforddoggoproject

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingSheet metal and laserCNC machiningLeader
Tinker bipedYuexuan9

Small open research biped.

Speed and load numbers lack test method; build guide, BOM and assembly sections look like placeholders.

yuexuan9-tinker

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4AGPL-3.0not read3D printingLessons
TipTapDarrenLevine

A 3d-printed bipedal robot. A low-cost desktop option for semi-direct drive walking research.

Needs custom TipTap motors and PCBs; README shows no walking data.

darrenlevine-tiptap

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingPCB and electronicsReference
toddlerbothshi74

Open-source small humanoid for learning-based locomotion and manipulation

README gives no mass, actuator or cost figures in the part read.

hshi74-toddlerbot

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingReference
TOPSaaedmusa

TOPS (Traverser of Planar Surfaces) or "SPOT" backwards is a 3D printed Open Source quadrupedal robot

Specs list only mass and cost; no torque, gait or failure data in README.

aaedmusa-tops

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4licence unclearnot read3D printingReference
WAVEGOwaveshare

WAVEGO, An Open Source Bionic Dog-Like Robot Powered By ESP32 & Raspberry Pi.

README is a single line; no evidence of any kind.

waveshare-wavego

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot readnone statedContext
WAVEGO_Prowaveshareteam

WAVEGO, 12-DOF Bionic Dog-Like Robot, Open Source for ESP32 and Raspberry Pi, Facial Recognition, Color Tracking, Motion Detection

README covers software install only; no build files or gait data.

waveshareteam-wavego-pro

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4GPL-3.0not readnone statedContext
Xuanwu-bipedal-robotCuboiLeo

open-source bipedal robot project

Top-level README is a pointer only; the bipedal robot itself is not described.

cuboileo-xuanwu-bipedal-robot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4licence unclearnot readnone statedContext
yertleJerome-Graves

A 3D Printed Quadrupedal Robot for Locomotion Research. :turtle:

Trained policy is not yet deployed on the physical robot; actuator model unidentified.

jerome-graves-yertle

Open projectsnippet onlyAuthors' claim: numbers stated, not measuredlow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingReference
zeroth-01-buildJustin-Riekehof

Build log & software for the K-Scale Zeroth-01, a 3D-printed open-source humanoid — Feetech servo control (STS3215/3250), C++/Python tooling, MuJoCo/ksim

Humanoid only does taught-in demos; every trained walking policy fell within about 1 s on hardware.

justin-riekehof-zeroth-01-build

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingCNC machiningInserts and fastenersReference
zeroth-botzeroth-robotics

3D-printed open-source humanoid robot platform for sim-to-real and RL

Public beta; README gives no walking evidence and warns of breaking changes.

zeroth-robotics-zeroth-bot

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4openMITnot read3D printingReference
zowiJavierIH

An open-source and fully hackable biped robot.

Tiny 4-servo biped toy; README has no performance data.

javierih-zowi

Open projectsnippet onlylow 0.4CC-BY-SA-4.0not read3D printingContext

Role is the survey's judgement of a record within its class (leader, reference, lessons, context): not a quality grade. A single source, a search snippet, or untested judgement is what “low” means.