{
  "schema": "cad-agent-references/1",
  "built": "2026-11-04T22:52:31-08:00",
  "revision": "3a4ec137a2a7cf52fa6072b5bc81b7e320d49701",
  "area": {
    "slug": "mould-design",
    "title": "Mould design",
    "domain": "mechanical",
    "scope": "Parts designed for moulding, and the moulds themselves."
  },
  "fields": {
    "status": "`source`: read, with a dated `verified` note, and may be cited. `catalogued`: listed from a survey and not yet read; never cite one",
    "kind": "what the source is (research/references/vocab.yaml `kind`); a read source from before schema 2 has none",
    "evidence_class": "its rung on the evidence ladder, lowest first: snippet-only, read, verified-at-source, encoded, measured",
    "confidence": "#143: {level, estimate, sources}, derived from the evidence; `unknown` when the record has no evidence block",
    "licence": "{spdx, class, read, note}: `read: false` means the licence text was not read, only stated by the survey",
    "placed": "the docs/areas.yaml areas the record is listed in (`unplaced` when its areas match none)",
    "placed_note": "its row on the site, which [ref:<id>] in any page links to, is /references/<first placed area>#<id>",
    "vocab": "every coded value is explained in research/references/vocab.yaml"
  },
  "index": "https://cad-agent.valpatel.com/catalog/references/index.json",
  "count": 28,
  "coverage": [
    {
      "id": "ca-9-injection-moulding-wall-ratio-draft-ribs",
      "number": "9",
      "topic": "Injection-moulding wall ratio, draft, ribs",
      "status": "partly",
      "areas": [
        "moulded-part-design"
      ],
      "where": "profile:3761-4100 im-draft-*, im-rib-*, im-boss-*, im-wall-*, im-corner-*, im-gate-*; manufacturing/process.py profile('injection-moulding')",
      "defaults": "Draft 0.5 min, 1-2 typical, 3 shutoff/texture, +1 deg per 0.001 in texture; rib 0.4-0.66 x wall; rib height 2.5-3 x; wall var 0.25; wall ABS 1.14, PA 0.76 mm",
      "sources": "Protolabs, Covestro, DuPont Module 1, Fictiv, DFMA",
      "gap": "Data only: dfm.check has no kinds for draft, rib ratio, boss, corner or wall-variation and cannot be given 'wall', so those rules are skipped; no mesh draft analysis or sink-index check.",
      "draft_issue": {
        "title": "Make dfm.check run moulding rules: draft, rib ratio, wall variation",
        "body": "KINDS lacks draft, rib-ratio, wall-variation and corner kinds and check() has no wall variable, so ~60 im-* rules are unused. Add them plus a mesh draft-angle gate; sources: Protolabs, Covestro, DuPont.",
        "posted": false
      },
      "placed": [
        "mould-design"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "records": [
    {"id":"spirol-how-to-design-the-proper-hole-for-heat-ultrasonic","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"How to Design the Proper Hole for Heat/Ultrasonic Inserts (SPIROL white paper)","authors":["Christie Jones"],"org":"SPIROL","year":null,"url":"https://www.spirol.com/resources/white-papers/how-to-design-the-proper-hole-for-heat-ultrasonic-inserts/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","aliases":["spirol-hole"],"licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["fasteners","moulded-part-design","threaded-inserts"],"processes":["fasteners","injection","inserts"],"process_groups":["inserts","mould"],"evidence":{"class":"encoded","numbers":"claimed","tested":"unknown","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"high","estimate":0.9,"sources":3},"verified":"2026-11-04: opened the white paper page; read it whole: straight and tapered holes (taper at most 1 degree included, tapered 8 degrees), depth L + 2 pitches, counterbores, the filler increase, the boss 2-3 x the insert and the mating part's hole.","claims":[{"text":"Boss diameter 2 to 3 x the insert's, the multiplier falling as the insert grows","status":"corroborated","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. Stratasys Direct's MJF guide gives 2-3 x the insert diameter","corroborated_by":["stratasys-direct-mjf-design-guide"]},{"text":"Grow the recommended hole 0.08 mm (0.003 in) at 15 % glass or mineral filler or more, 0.15 mm (0.006 in) at 35 % or more, interpolated between","status":"encoded","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. One source (the maker's); Plastics Technology agrees fillers change the hole and the process. Encoded as fdm-insert-hole-filler-spirol and inserts.filler_increase, by extension to fibre-filled filaments"},{"text":"Larger holes decrease performance; smaller ones stress and crack the plastic and are hard to install","status":"corroborated","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. CNC Kitchen's pull-out tests agree","corroborated_by":["cnckitchen-heat-set-hole-size"]}],"summary":"SPIROL's white paper on holes for heat and ultrasonic inserts: straight and tapered holes, depth the insert's length plus two pitches, counterbores, a larger hole in filled plastics (+0.08 mm at 15 % filler, +0.15 mm at 35 %) and a boss 2-3 times the insert's diameter.","rules":["fdm-insert-hole-filler-spirol"],"checks":["inserts.check_joint","inserts.filler_increase","inserts.printed_hole"],"used_for":["docs/inserts.md","research/process-profiles.md","research/process-profiles.yaml","src/cadagent/mechanical/inserts.py"],"status":"source","evidence_class":"encoded","placed":["fasteners-and-hardware","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-inserts.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-im-bosses","title":"Plastic Boss Design on Molded Parts","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/resources/design-tips/plastic-boss-design-on-molded-parts/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","areas":["injection-moulding","moulded-part-design","threaded-inserts"],"used_for":["research/process-profiles.md","research/process-profiles.yaml"],"verified":"2026-10-31: opened the page; read the boss wall (40–60 % of the wall it rises from) and boss draft (0.5–3° by height).","status":"source","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"processes":["injection","inserts"],"process_groups":["mould","inserts"],"evidence":{"numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary","class":"verified-at-source"},"confidence":{"level":"medium","estimate":0.7,"sources":2},"claims":[{"text":"A boss's wall 40 to 60 percent of the wall it rises from; ribs or gussets rather than a thicker wall","status":"corroborated","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. RapidDirect gives about 60 percent of the nominal wall","corroborated_by":["rapiddirect-screw-boss-design-injection-molding"]}],"summary":"Boss design advice: tie bosses to walls with ribs rather than thick solid sections; rib-to-wall ratio 40-60%.","evidence_class":"verified-at-source","placed":["mould-design","fasteners-and-hardware"],"source_file":"research/references.yaml","extended_in":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"rapiddirect-screw-boss-design-injection-molding","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Screw boss design injection molding","authors":[],"org":"RapidDirect","year":2023,"url":"https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/screw-boss-design-injection-molding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","fasteners"],"processes":["injection","fasteners"],"process_groups":["mould","inserts"],"evidence":{"class":"verified-at-source","numbers":"claimed","tested":"no","authority":"aggregator"},"confidence":{"level":"medium","estimate":0.7,"sources":2},"verified":"2026-11-04: opened the article (2023-05-19, updated 2025-03-10); read the boss rules: wall about 60 % of the nominal wall, height under 3 x the outside diameter, bosses at least 2 x the wall apart. The snippet's 80 % pilot and 200 % boss are not on the page.","claims":[{"text":"Boss wall about 60 % of the nominal wall (sink); boss height under 3 x its outside diameter; bosses at least 2 x the nominal wall apart","status":"corroborated","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. Protolabs gives 40-60 % for the wall","corroborated_by":["protolabs-im-bosses"]}],"summary":"RapidDirect's screw-boss rules for moulded parts: a boss wall about 60 % of the nominal wall (against sink), height under 3 times its outside diameter, and bosses at least 2 walls apart.","used_for":[],"status":"source","evidence_class":"verified-at-source","placed":["mould-design","fasteners-and-hardware"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"plastics-technology-brass-insert-installation-comparing-heat","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Brass insert installation: comparing heat vs ultrasonic vs press fit (Plastics Technology)","authors":[],"org":"Plastics Technology","year":null,"url":"https://www.ptonline.com/articles/brass-insert-installation-comparing-heat-vs-ultrasonic-vs-press-fit","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["threaded-inserts","moulded-part-design"],"processes":["inserts","injection"],"process_groups":["inserts","mould"],"evidence":{"class":"read","numbers":"none","tested":"no","authority":"reference"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"verified":"2026-11-04: opened the article (by the founder of a heat-staking maker); read it whole: heat, ultrasonic and press-fit installation, the material notes and the boss and hole figure.","claims":[{"text":"Hole sized to the insert's lead diameter, with a lead-in chamfer; glass and mineral fillers do not melt and raise the cracking risk","status":"conflicting","evidence":"2026-11-04: read on the page. CNC Kitchen asks no chamfer for printed parts. Its filler warning agrees with SPIROL's larger hole for filled plastics"}],"summary":"Compares heat, ultrasonic and press-fit installation of brass inserts in moulded plastic: heat takes the widest range of resins, ultrasonic is fastest, press-fit weakest and riskiest in filled resins.","used_for":[],"status":"source","evidence_class":"read","placed":["fasteners-and-hardware","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-inserts.yaml"},
    {"id":"spirol-compression-limiter-design-guide","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Compression Limiter Design Guide","authors":[],"org":"SPIROL","year":null,"url":"https://uk.spirol.com/assets/files/cmpl-compression-limiter-design-guide-uk.pdf","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["fasteners","moulded-part-design"],"processes":["fasteners","injection"],"process_groups":["inserts","mould"],"evidence":{"class":"read","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"verified":"2026-11-04: opened the PDF (UK edition, 10/25); read the design rules: the limiter slightly shorter than the host, bolt load 25-75 % of proof, 3-5 % compression a safe limit and 5-7 % safe for most plastics, and the size tables.","claims":[{"text":"Bolt load 25 to 75 % of proof (at most 75 %); 3-5 % compression a safe limit, 5-7 % safe for most plastics","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"2026-11-04: read in the PDF. The same rules as SPIROL's 04/21 edition (spirol-cl-2021), the same publisher, so not a second source"}],"summary":"Compression limiters in bolted plastic joints: the limiter slightly shorter than the host, the bolt at 25-75 % of its proof load, 3-5 % compression a safe limit; size tables.","used_for":[],"status":"source","evidence_class":"read","placed":["fasteners-and-hardware","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-inserts.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-living-hinge","title":"Living Hinge Basics for Injection Molding","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/resources/blog/living-hinge-basics-for-injection-molding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","areas":["compliant-mechanisms","moulding","moulded-part-design"],"used_for":["research/compliant-mechanisms.md"],"verified":"2026-10-31: opened the page. Read the hinge guideline (0.012 in thick, about 0.060 in spacing, 0.008 in reduction on the folding side, 0.030 in radius on the tension side). Byline is \"Protolabs\".","status":"source","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Living hinges break the uniform-wall rule; flow restriction causes a pressure drop beyond the hinge, so gate placement matters.","imported":"4b08c4af8cfa6006","evidence_class":"read","placed":["compliant-mechanisms","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references.yaml","extended_in":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-threaded-inserts-with-heat-staking-and-ultrasonic","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Threaded Inserts with Heat Staking and Ultrasonic Welding","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/resources/blog/threaded-inserts-with-heat-staking-and-ultrasonic-welding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","threaded-inserts"],"processes":["injection","inserts"],"process_groups":["mould","inserts"],"evidence":{"class":"read","numbers":"unknown","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"verified":"2026-11-04: opened the page; read it whole: heat staking and ultrasonic insertion into moulded parts, the inputs Protolabs needs. No numbers.","summary":"Protolabs on putting threaded inserts into moulded parts by heat staking or ultrasonic insertion, and what it needs from the designer; no numbers.","used_for":[],"status":"source","evidence_class":"read","placed":["mould-design","fasteners-and-hardware"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"xometry-3d-printing-vs-injection-molding-breakeven-xometry","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"3D Printing vs Injection Molding Breakeven (Xometry)","authors":[],"org":"Xometry","year":null,"url":"https://xometry.com/blog/3d-printing-vs-injection-molding-breakeven","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","design-process"],"processes":["injection","general"],"process_groups":["mould","general"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Breakeven comparison of printing against moulding by volume; only title seen in results. Note: Content unseen; sibling sources put breakeven at 200-2,000 units.","used_for":[],"imported":"88683a7b649aadea","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","design-process"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"plasticstoday-by-design-polypropylene-part-design-part-2","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"By Design: Polypropylene part design, Part 2 - Living hinges","authors":[],"org":"PlasticsToday","year":null,"url":"https://www.plasticstoday.com/materials/design-polypropylene-part-design-part-2-living-hinges","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","snap-fits"],"processes":["injection","snap-fit"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"claimed","tested":"no","authority":"reference"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Hinge land about 0.060 in (1.5 mm), thickness 0.008-0.015 in (0.2-0.4 mm)","status":"corroborated","evidence":"MIT hinge guide: 0.008-0.010 in, max about 0.015 in; Protolabs 0.012 in with 0.060 in spacing. Eng. Machine Design says 0.01-0.02 in."}],"summary":"PP living hinge land length and web thickness values. Note: Attribution of the quoted rule to this page is likely but not certain.","used_for":[],"imported":"38fad6d758593bcb","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","compliant-mechanisms"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-design-for-mouldability-vol-1","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Design for Mouldability (Vol. 1)","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/resources/guides-and-trend-reports/designing-for-mouldability-volume-1/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Protolabs mouldability guide covering wall thickness, draft, ribs and bosses; snippet showed only the title and surrounding topic list. Note: Snippet-only; title and topic inferred from result listing.","used_for":[],"imported":"e13d24306e37b886","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"fictiv-design-guide-for-living-hinges-fictiv","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Design Guide for Living Hinges (Fictiv)","authors":[],"org":"Fictiv","year":null,"url":"https://www.fictiv.com/?p=1242","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","snap-fits"],"processes":["injection","snap-fit"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"claimed","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Hinge thickness T = H/5 to H/8, H being adjoining wall thickness","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"Search for H/5 to H/8 found no source stating that ratio; others give absolute 0.2-0.5 mm (0.007-0.015 in)."}],"summary":"Living hinge sizing relative to adjoining wall; may need molding in open position. Note: Page title was only a read-time label; attribution from URL.","used_for":[],"imported":"71df523890da0074","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","compliant-mechanisms"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-designing-for-overmolding-design-tip","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Designing for Overmolding (Design Tip)","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/resources/design-tips/designing-for-overmolding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Overmold material thickness less than or equal to that of the substrate below it","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"No second source checked."}],"summary":"Overmold thickness should not exceed substrate thickness; raised substrate edge can protect the shut-off edge from peeling. Note: Snippet via search summary.","used_for":[],"imported":"009c7671cd7c68a1","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"dupont-general-design-principles-for-engineering-polymers","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"DuPont General Design Principles for Engineering Polymers (mirror)","authors":[],"org":"DuPont (Stellenbosch-hosted copy)","year":null,"url":"https://academic.sun.ac.za/mad/catalogs/dfmguidelines/dupontgeneraldesignprinciples.pdf","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","design-process"],"processes":["injection","general"],"process_groups":["mould","general"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"unknown","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"DuPont general design principles for engineering polymers; only the title appeared in results. Note: Third-party hosted; content unseen.","used_for":[],"imported":"7cf6e51ed12b67b8","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","design-process"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"ejot-delta-pt-flyer","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"EJOT DELTA PT flyer","authors":[],"org":"EJOT","year":null,"url":"https://www.ejot.de/medias/sys_master/Industry_Flyer/Industry_Flyer/h11/hc7/9331662782494/EJOT-DELTA-PT-Flyer-08.23-en.pdf","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["fasteners","moulded-part-design"],"processes":["fasteners","injection"],"process_groups":["inserts","mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"claimed","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Hole 0.8 x d1 (up to 0.88 x d1); counterbore 1.05 x d1; hole depth 2 x d1","status":"corroborated","evidence":"Bulten (DELTA PT licensee): boss hole most favourable 0.8 x d. Counterbore 1.05 d1 and depth 2 d1 only seen on EJOT flyer. Bulten may copy EJOT."}],"summary":"Thread-forming screw for plastics with boss diagram: pilot hole, counterbore and hole depth relative to screw diameter. Note: Thermoplastic boss data; verify for PA6-CF","used_for":[],"imported":"a066d07758f09d24","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["fasteners-and-hardware","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-inserts.yaml"},
    {"id":"fictiv-injection-molding-design-guide","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Fictiv Injection Molding Design Guide","authors":[],"org":"Fictiv","year":null,"url":"https://fictiv.com/injection-molding-design-guide/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Fictiv's design guide page appeared for wall-thickness queries; a copy was said to include a gating section. Note: Content not shown; gating section claim came from a third-party copy.","used_for":[],"imported":"9dc1004287b95e4b","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"fictiv-how-to-design-snap-fit-components","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Fictiv: How to Design Snap-Fit Components","authors":[],"org":"Fictiv","year":null,"url":"https://www.fictiv.com/articles/how-to-design-snap-fit-components","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["snap-fits","moulded-part-design"],"processes":["snap-fit","injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"12-minute Fictiv article on snap-fit component design; only title and read time shown. Note: Title only; content unseen.","used_for":[],"imported":"9ac41c6122e7d4d4","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["compliant-mechanisms","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"fictiv-injection-molding-undercuts","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Fictiv: Injection Molding Undercuts","authors":[],"org":"Fictiv","year":null,"url":"https://www.fictiv.com/articles/injection-molding-undercuts","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"none","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Undercut best practice; DFM review flags unnecessary undercuts and suggests simpler, cheaper alternatives; parting line adjustment mentioned. Note: Fictiv gate content not found in results.","used_for":[],"imported":"04da33262ce066ba","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"plasticstoday-injection-molding-design-fundamentals-snap","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Injection molding design fundamentals: Snap-fits for plastic parts (PlasticsToday)","authors":[],"org":"PlasticsToday","year":null,"url":"https://www.plasticstoday.com/injection-molding/injection-molding-design-fundamentals-snap-fits-for-plastic-parts","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["snap-fits","moulded-part-design"],"processes":["snap-fit","injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"reference"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Snap-fit fundamentals: strain must stay below the linear-range allowable at working temperature; annular joints usually need FEA. Note: Temperature dependence noted; no percentage given.","used_for":[],"imported":"56deb1bc4870488a","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["compliant-mechanisms","mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"protolabs-injection-molding-wall-thickness-guidelines","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Injection Molding Wall Thickness Guidelines (improving part design with uniform wall thickness)","authors":[],"org":"Protolabs","year":null,"url":"https://www.protolabs.com/resources/design-tips/improving-part-design-with-uniform-wall-thickness/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"General wall thickness range 0.040-0.140 (units unconfirmed in snippet)","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"No second source checked."}],"summary":"Protolabs tip on uniform walls; search summary cited a general wall range and sink/void risk in thick sections. Note: Units not shown in snippet.","used_for":[],"imported":"0a7310f14ec1ebb6","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"formlabs-low-volume-rapid-injection-molding-with-3d-printed","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding with 3D Printed Molds (Formlabs white paper)","authors":[],"org":"Formlabs","year":null,"url":"https://formlabs.com/white-papers/low-volume-rapid-injection-molding-with-3d-printed-molds/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","resin-and-powder"],"processes":["injection","sla"],"process_groups":["mould","print"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"yes","authority":"independent-tested"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Avoid mold surface thickness under 1-2 mm; it may deform with heat (per Formlabs FAQ)","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"No second source checked."}],"summary":"Printed moulds in Rigid 10K Resin; five case studies, design guidelines and failure modes. Note: Rule is from FAQ summary; molds last hundreds to thousands of shots.","used_for":[],"imported":"cfa3060cfd30994e","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","3d-printing"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"pmc-mdpi-mechanical-properties-of-weld-lines-in-injection","kind":"paper","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Mechanical Properties of Weld Lines in Injection-Molded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nylon (PA-CF)","authors":[],"org":"PMC / MDPI","year":null,"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10255623/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"yes","authority":"independent-tested"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Dry resin 4 h at 80 C before molding (as used in the study)","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"No second source checked."}],"summary":"Weld lines are the weak regions in 30 wt% CF nylon 66; tensile and flexural properties rose with fibre content without weld lines. Note: Nylon 66 CF, not PA6-CF; drying value is the study's own.","used_for":[],"imported":"e5670df355468435","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"moldex3d-webinar-eliminating-sink-mark-and-voids-in","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Moldex3D Webinar: Eliminating Sink Mark and Voids in Injection-Molded Parts","authors":[],"org":"Moldex3D","year":null,"url":"https://www.moldex3d.com/en/events/webinar/webinar-eliminating-sink-mark-and-voids-in-injection-molded-parts-cet/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"none","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Webinar page naming thickness variation and uneven shrinkage as sink and void drivers; rib, wall, cooling and gate changes as levers. Note: Marketing event page, simulation software vendor.","used_for":[],"imported":"e04bfd32ab2c6611","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"dupont-via-formerra-molding-guide-for-zytel-and-minlon","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Molding Guide for Zytel and Minlon design information (Module II, Formerra-hosted DuPont)","authors":[],"org":"DuPont via Formerra","year":null,"url":"https://formerra.com/sites/default/files/2021-07/minlon-and-zytel-design-info.pdf","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"unknown","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"DuPont nylon design module on value engineering and designing with nylon resins; only a table of contents appeared. Note: Highly relevant to PA66; content unseen.","used_for":[],"imported":"949f6e94ecb82a32","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"xometry-overmolding-xometry-capability-page","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Overmolding (Xometry capability page)","authors":[],"org":"Xometry","year":null,"url":"https://www.xometry.com/capabilities/injection-molding-service/overmolding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"claimed","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Wall thickness 0.060-0.120 in (1.5-3 mm) gives best bonding","status":"corroborated","evidence":"Protolabs: 1.5-3 mm good bonding; Fast Radius and Texas Injection Molding give the same 1.5-3 mm range."}],"summary":"Overmold wall guidance and gradual transitions; TPE/TPV overmolds thinner than substrate to limit warpage. Note: Capability page more than a design guide.","used_for":[],"imported":"e87e46c39dd46e90","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"stratasys-polyjet-for-injection-molding-stratasys-resource","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"PolyJet for Injection Molding (Stratasys resource guide)","authors":[],"org":"Stratasys","year":null,"url":"https://www.stratasys.com/uk/resources/resource-guides/polyjet-injection-molding","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"unknown","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Covers printed mould design, file prep and assembly; PolyJet moulds cannot withstand extreme pressure so easy-flow polymers recommended. Note: PDF is gated; PolyJet moulds.","used_for":[],"imported":"3137ce04daa6d6fa","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"formlabs-race-to-1-000-parts-3d-printing-vs-injection","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Race to 1,000 Parts: 3D Printing vs. Injection Molding","authors":[],"org":"Formlabs","year":null,"url":"https://formlabs.com/global/blog/race-to-1000-parts-3d-printing-injection-molding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design","design-process"],"processes":["injection","general"],"process_groups":["mould","general"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"claimed","tested":"yes","authority":"independent-tested"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Breakeven 13,050 parts at $3,600 tooling; bulk resin could push it past 40,000","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"Other sources: breakeven formula example ~1,216 units, ~70,000 in a research example, 1,000-10,000 rule of thumb; scenario-specific, no match to 13,050 apart from Formlabs."}],"summary":"Worked cost model: one part with a $3,600 tool, breakeven versus printing, with resin purchase sensitivity. Note: Vendor selling printers; single-part case.","used_for":[],"imported":"75cb697afd24ea44","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design","design-process"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"xometry-design-guide-injection-molding","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Xometry Design Guide: Injection Molding","authors":[],"org":"Xometry","year":null,"url":"https://www.xometry.com/resources/design-guides/design-guide-injection-molding/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["moulded-part-design"],"processes":["injection"],"process_groups":["mould"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"unknown","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"summary":"Guide with sections on draft angles, wall thickness, ribs, gates and parting lines; no figures visible in snippet. Note: Only table of contents seen; values not shown.","used_for":[],"imported":"4339aff7f0353ce6","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["mould-design"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-mould.yaml"},
    {"id":"xometry-injection-molding-vs-3d-printing-break-even","kind":"guide","category":"manufacturing-guides","title":"Xometry: injection molding vs 3D printing break-even","authors":[],"org":"Xometry","year":null,"url":"https://www.xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/3d-printing-vs-injection-molding-breakeven/","access":"free","terms":"cited and summarised, never copied","licence":{"spdx":null,"class":"proprietary","read":false,"note":"A publisher's page; its terms were not read. Cited, never copied."},"reuse":{"text":"cite-only","geometry":"none"},"areas":["design-process","moulded-part-design","fdm"],"processes":["general","injection","fdm"],"process_groups":["general","mould","print"],"evidence":{"class":"snippet-only","numbers":"some","tested":"no","authority":"primary"},"confidence":{"level":"low","estimate":0.4,"sources":1},"claims":[{"text":"Break-even qty = mold cost / (alt cost per part - molded cost per part).","status":"unconfirmed","evidence":"No second source checked."}],"summary":"Break-even of printing versus molding by volume; sources quote 250-2000 parts but vary widely. Note: Vendor snippet; break-even range differs by source","used_for":[],"imported":"320e10ca22b2b9f8","status":"catalogued","evidence_class":"snippet-only","placed":["design-process","mould-design","3d-printing"],"source_file":"research/references/guides-general.yaml"}
  ]
}